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Lowell Brueckner

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1 Corinthians 11

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Chapter 11

A clear difference between men and women

1.      Be imitators of me, as I am of Christ.
2.      Now I commend you because you remember me in everything and maintain the traditions even as I delivered them to you.
3.      But I want you to understand that the head of every man is Christ, and the head of a wife is her husband, and the head of Christ is God.
4.      Every man who prays of prophesies with his head covered dishonors his head,
5.      but every wife who prays or prophesies with her head uncovered dishonors her head, since it is the same as if her head were shaven.
6.      For if a wife will not cover her head, then she should cut her hair short. But since it is disgraceful for a wife to cut off her hair or shave her head, let her cover her head.
7.      For a man ought not to cover his head, since he is the image and glory of God, but woman is the glory of man.
8.      For man was not made from woman, but woman from man.
9.      Neither was man created for woman, but woman for man.
10.  That is why a wife ought to have a symbol of authority on her head, because of the angels.
11.  Nevertheless, in the Lord woman is not independent of man nor man of woman;
12.  for as woman was made from man, so man is now born of woman. And all things are from God.
13.  Judge for yourselves: is it proper for a wife to pray to God with her head uncovered?
14.  Does not nature itself teach you that if a man wears long hair it is a disgrace for him,
15.  but if a woman has long hair, it is her glory? For her hair is given to her for a covering.
16.  If anyone is inclined to be contentious, we have no such practice, nor do the churches of God.

To be able to give a recommendation conscientiously, such as Paul does in verse 1, tells of his assurance of his own true and successful discipleship. He was wholeheartedly and truly submitted to Christ, therefore he could enlist followers. However, the statement also suggests a limitation, as there must always be among imperfect human beings… follow me only to the extent that I follow Christ. It is necessary to comment, as well, that biblical definitions give a different connotation to that which immediately comes into our mind, when we see the word imitator. It should express Paul’s desire that through his example, he would turn every head towards Christ, as the writer of Hebrews states, “Looking to Jesus, the founder and perfecter of our faith” (He.12:2).

We can break this chapter almost in half by these words in verse 2, “I commend you,” and these in verse 17, “I do not commend you”. He commends them, because they take his ministry and his teaching seriously, putting them into practice. You will notice that there were apostolic traditions in the early church, differing from ordinances and biblical instruction, perhaps, as there may be in the church today. Traditions must be limited, so they do not take the place or overrule God’s commandments. They pertain, especially, to good order and testimony before society, I think, rather than spiritual principle.

1 Corinthians 10

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Chapter 10

A false presumption due to experience

1.      For I do not want you to be unaware, brothers, that our fathers were all under the cloud, and all passed through the sea.
2.      and all were baptized into Moses in the cloud and in the sea,
3.      and all ate the same spiritual food,
4.      and all drank the same spiritual drink. For they drank from the spiritual Rock that followed them, and the Rock was Christ.
5.      Nevertheless, with most of them God was not pleased, for they were overthrown in the wilderness.

The apostle Paul took upon himself the responsibility of assuring that Christianity would not be a religion of ignorance. In chapter 12:2, he wrote of their blindness as pagans, following their leaders in idolatry, as uninformed as the dumb idols that they served. Christian instruction is not an adornment, given to embellish the church and its members, but is essential in order to carry out its mission and to give glory to God.

What is the apostle’s source for the text, from which he will teach? It is the Old Testament Scripture. Jesus said, “My teaching is not mine, but his who sent me” (Jn.7:16). It was already established before He came to earth and He simply built upon those Scriptures. Jesus recognized the divine inspiration of the 22 books already determined by the Jews to be inerrant and infallible truth. His disciples followed him and later taught the church their doctrine (Ac.2:42). Today we have divided those 22 books into 39, but they are precisely and completely the same text, from which the earliest believers were taught.

It is truly astounding that there are many believers, who treat the Bible with indifference. God has graciously bestowed upon us this unique treasure store of divine thoughts and ways. There is nothing in the world to compare to it and nowhere else on earth can we learn of heavenly, eternal truth.

1 Corinthians 9

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(click to enlarge)


 Chapter 9

1.     Am I not free? Am I not an apostle? Have I not seen Jesus our Lord? Are not you my workmanship in the Lord?
2.     If to others I am not an apostle, at least I am to you, for you are the seal of my apostleship in the Lord.
3.     This is my defense to those who would examine me.
4.     Do we not have the right to eat and drink?
5.     Do we not have the right to take along a believing wife, as do the other apostles and the brothers of the Lord and Cephas?
6.     Or is it only Barnabas and I who have no right to refrain from working for a living?
7.     Who serves as a soldier at his own expense? Who plants a vineyard without eating any of its fruit? Or who tends a flock without getting some of the milk?
8.     Do I say these things on human authority? Does not the Law say the same?
9.     For it is written in the Law of Moses, “You shall not muzzle an ox when it treads out the grain.” Is it for oxen that God is concerned?
10.  Does he not certainly speak for our sake? It was written for our sake, because the plowman should plow in hope and the thresher threshing hope of sharing in the crop.
11.  If we have sown spiritual things among you, is it too much if we reap material things from you?
12.  If others share this rightful claim on you, do not we even more? Nevertheless, we have not made use of this right, but we endure anything rather than put an obstacle in the way of the gospel of Christ.

Paul begins this chapter with four questions, which we will briefly consider, one by one. Each one presupposes a positive answer. First, he asks, am I not free?  Of course he is and in his epistle of Christian liberty to the Galatians, Paul wrote: “The Jerusalem above is free, and she is our mother… so, brothers, we are not children of the slave but of the free woman” (Gal.4:26,31). Every child, who is born from above, is born in the ambience of freedom. It allows us to function, without restraint, according to the new nature.

Secondly, he is without question a God-appointed apostle. God, the Father and the Son, absolutely affirm his apostleship. Again, I refer to his letter to the Galatians: “Paul, an apostle – not from men nor through man, but through Jesus Christ and God the Father” (Gal.1:1). Thirdly, he had seen our Lord Jesus on the road to Damascus. Jesus first called the apostles to Himself, he gave them authority, and then he sent them out. They were all witnesses of His resurrection (Ac.4:33). Likewise, Paul was called by the Lord Jesus and sent out with authority. As the believers, after Pentecost, learned from the apostles’ teaching, so Paul was given authority to teach new believers, and so he did and continues to do through his multiple letters (1).

Finally, the seal of his apostleship, meaning his confirmed personal signature in Christ, was upon the Corinthian church and they existed because of his apostolic work there. For that reason, Paul concludes, at least by them, he should be considered an apostle (2). There are people, who would attempt to bring his apostleship into question, and in answer to them, he would present these four proofs, and follow with other reasonable questions, that again assume a positive answer (3).